Parents' Sleep Multi-Trajectory Modelling from 3 to 36 Months Postpartum in the SEPAGES Cohort.

Objective: We investigated maternal and paternal sleep evolution from 3 to 36 months postpartum, their interrelations and predictors in the SEPAGES cohort. Methods: Sleep information (night sleep duration [NSD], weekend daytime sleep duration [DSD] and subjective sleep loss [SSL]) was collected by self-administered questionnaires at 3, 18, 24 and 36 months postpartum in the SEPAGES French cohort that included 484 mothers and 410 fathers. Group-based multi-trajectory modelling was used to identify maternal, paternal and couple sleep multi-trajectory groups among 188 couples reporting sleep data for at least 2 time points. Multinomial logistic regression was used to assess associations between parental sleep multi-trajectories and early characteristics such as sociodemographic, chronotypes, child sex, birth seasonality or breastfeeding duration. Results: We identified three maternal (M1-M3), paternal (F1-F3) and couple (C1-C3) sleep multi-trajectory groups with similar characteristics: a group with short NSD and high SSL prevalence (M1, F2, C2), a group with long NSD but medium SSL prevalence (M2, F3, C3) and a group with long NSD and low SSL prevalence (M3, F1, C1). Mothers with the shortest NSD (M1) were less likely to have a partner with long NSD (F2). As compared with long NSD and low SSL prevalence (C1), couples with short NSD and high SSL prevalence (C2) were less likely to have had a first child born in the autumn and fathers in C2 had a later chronotype. Conclusion: We identified distinct sleep multi-trajectory groups for mothers, fathers and couples from 3- to 36-month postpartum. Sleep patterns within couples were homogeneous.

Interrelation of Chronic Lung Disease and Cardiovascular Disease Based on Two National Prospective Cohort Studies.

BACKGROUND: Chronic lung diseases (CLDs) and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the main chronic diseases responsible for a considerable burden of disease. This study aimed to estimate the interrelation of CLDs and CVDs using two Chinese national longitudinal cohort studies. METHODS: The China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) and Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) were used in this study with 15,052 and 9,765 participants, respectively. The Cox proportional risk model was used to estimate the interrelation between CLDs and CVDs. Mediating effects were performed to detect possible influencing pathways between CLDs and CVDs. RESULTS: The association of CLDs with CVDs was identified in 1,647 participants (10.9%) with newly diagnosed CVDs in CHARLS and 332 participants (11.6%) in CLHLS. The Cox proportional risk model showed that CLDs were a significant predictor of CVDs (HR 1.49, 95% CI 1.27-1.76) after adjusting for covariates, and the hazard ratios of stroke and CVDs excluding stroke were (HR 1.02, 95% CI 0.79-1.31) and (HR 1.76, 95% CI 1.46-2.13), respectively. These association were mediated by body mass index (BMI) and Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D-10) scores. No significant association was found in CHARLS and CLHLS regarding CVDs with CLDs. In CHARLS, CVDs was a significant predictor of CLDs (HR 1.40, 95% CI 1.09-1.79). CONCLUSIONS: Chronic lung disease was associated with increased incidence of CVDs in middle-aged and older people in the community population and vice versa. Body mass index and depressive symptoms might be mediated by the effect of CLD on CVD.

Patient Power and Empowerment: Mitigating Elements of Valuable Patient Participation in Healthcare Collaboratives.

During the last decade, the public healthcare sector has had to deal with increased competition, a growing influence of patient associations, and a necessity to deliver health services more efficiently and effectively. Despite recognising the patient participant's role as a critical stakeholder in value creation, there is a limited body of research on the influence and power of patient participants. This article focuses on regional health improvement collaboratives that aim to develop coordinated, multi-stakeholder solutions to their healthcare cost and quality problems. They meet regularly and include health professionals, health insurance providers, and patient participants. In this article, we explore the relationships between these stakeholders and patient participants' interpersonal dimensions regarding empowerment and valuable collaboration. Data were collected through stakeholder observations during meetings of three regional health improvement collaboratives, as well as through semi-structured interviews with the patient participants involved in these cases. Results show that patient participants can be empowered on a personal level. However, this does not imply that patient participants are empowered within the group dynamics. Interpersonal relationships constitute a crucial hidden aspect of building trust. More dialogue and inquiry are needed to examine how patient engagement is enacted and positioned within healthcare collaboratives.

Injectable self-assembled dual-crosslinked alginate/recombinant collagen-based hydrogel for endometrium regeneration.

The disadvantages of mainstream therapies for endometrial injury are difficult to resolve, herein, we suggest an omnibearing improvement strategy by introducing an injectable multifunctional self-assembled dual-crosslinked sodium alginate/recombinant collagen hydrogel. The hydrogel possessed a reversible and dynamic double network based on dynamic covalent bonds and ionic interactions, which also contributed to excellent capability in viscosity and injectability. Moreover, it was also biodegradable with a suitable speed, giving off active ingredients during the degradation process and eventually disappearing completely. In vitro tests exhibited that the hydrogel was biocompatible and able to enhance endometrial stromal cells viability. These features synergistically promoted cell multiplication and maintenance of endometrial hormone homeostasis, which accelerated endometrial matrix regeneration and structural reconstruction after severe injury in vivo. Furthermore, we explored the interrelation between the hydrogel characteristics, endometrial structure, and postoperative uterine recovery, which would benefit deep research on regulation of uterine repair mechanism and optimization of hydrogel materials. The injectable hydrogel could achieve favourable therapeutic efficacy without the need of exogenous hormones or cells, which would be of clinical value in endometrium regeneration.

A Comprehensive Contamination Investigation of Bohai Bay Seawater: Antibiotics Occurrence, Distribution, Ecological Risks and Their Interactive Factors.

A comprehensive, large-scale coastal investigation of antibiotics in seawater from Bohai Bay is lacking. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the occurrence and ecological risks of 45 antibiotics belonging to 5 classes in seawater from Bohai Bay, as well as their inter-relation with trace elements and other contaminants. The results show that tetracyclines (TCs) were detected in the highest concentration among the five classes (in the range of 0.6−2.0 µg/L). The total concentrations of the five classes of antibiotics were detected in the following order: tetracyclines (TCs) > quinolones (QAs) > sulfonamides (SAs) > macrolides (MAs) > lactams (LAs). Higher antibiotic concentrations were detected at the sampling sites closest to the coast or the shipping port. Among seven trace elements, four were quantitatively detected, with Zn representing the highest concentration. Antibiotic residuals were found to be positively correlated with total organic carbon (TOC), conductivity (Ec) and suspended solids (SS); pH and NH4+-N usually showed a negative correlation with antibiotics; TN and TP also exhibited relationships with antibiotics. The risk quotient (RQ) was calculated for different antibiotics at different sites. It was found that antibiotics pose higher risks to algae than to invertebrates or fish; sulfamethoxazole, enrofloxacin and ofloxacin were all found to pose high risk to algae at some of the sampling sites. Structural equation model (SEM) results show that trace elements, antibiotic levels and EC50 are the main factors affecting the ecological risks of antibiotics.

Soledad, ansiedad y depresión en la adopción del rol de cuidador familiar del paciente crónico / Loneliness, anxiety, and depression in adopting the family caregiver role of chronic patients / Solidão, ansiedade e depressão na adoção do papel de cuidador familiar do paciente crônico

Introducción: En dirección a la teoría de Meleis, durante la transición como cuidador familiar, subyacen condiciones que facilitan o limitan la adopción del rol, y pueden afectar la integridad de esta persona. Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre la depresión, ansiedad y soledad con la adopción del rol de cuidadores familiares de personas con enfermedad crónica en Los Patios ­ Colombia durante el 2021. Materiales: Investigación cuantitativa analítica transversal que incluyó 120 pacientes y 120 cuidadores. Se aplicaron escalas de Soledad de University of California at Los Angeles; hospitalaria de ansiedad y depresión, y de adopción del Rol del cuidador a través de la plataforma Google Forms®; el análisis se realizó con el software SPSS versión 24, usando estadísticos de frecuencia, tendencia central y dispersión, así como bivariados tipo Pearson. Resultados: Se halla correlaciones significativas entre la edad del cuidador con la ansiedad (r=,230; p<0.05) y la depresión (r=,297; p<0.05); las horas que requiere a diario para su cuidado con la ansiedad (r=,255; p<0.05) y depresión del cuidador (r=,328; p<0.05). Conclusión: En un modelo de regresión lineal, se evidencia que la soledad y adopción del rol del cuidador actúan como predictoras de la ansiedad (p<0.05).

Introduction: In line with Meleis' theory, during the transition to a family caregiver, there are underlying conditions that facilitate or limit the adoption of the role and may affect the person's wholeness. Objective: To determine the relationship between depression, anxiety, loneliness, and the adoption of the role of family caregivers of people with chronic disease in Los Patios (Colombia) during 2021. Materials and Methods: Quantitative cross-sectional analytical research that included 120 patients and 120 caregivers. The UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles) Loneliness Scale, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the ROL scale were completed by the participants using Google Forms®. The analysis was performed using SPSS version 24; descriptive statistics such as frequencies, measures of central tendency and dispersion, and bivariate correlation coefficients like Pearson's were calculated. Results: Significant correlations were found between caregivers' age, anxiety (r = .230; p < 0.05), and depression (r = .297; p < 0.05); and between the hours required daily for caregiving and anxiety (r = .255; p < 0.05) and caregiver's depression (r = .328; p < 0.05). Conclusions: In a linear regression model, it was evident that loneliness and caregiver role adoption are predictors of anxiety (p < 0.05).

Introdução: Na direção da teoria de Meleis , durante a transição como cuidador familiar, existem condições subjacentes que facilitam ou limitam a adoção do papel, podendo afetar a integridade dessa pessoa. Objetivo : determinar a relação entre depressão, ansiedade e solidão com a adoção do papel de cuidador familiar de pessoas com doença crônica em Los Patios - Colômbia durante 2021. Materiais: Pesquisa quantitativa analítica transversal que incluiu 120 pacientes e 120 cuidadores. Escalas de solidão universitária foram aplicadas da Califórnia em Los Angeles ; ansiedade e depressão hospitalar, e adoção do papel do cuidador por meio da plataforma google Formulários® ; A análise foi realizada com o software SPSS versão 24, utilizando estatísticas de frequência, tendência central e dispersão, bem como bivariadas do tipo Pearson. Resultados: São encontradas correlações significativas entre a idade do cuidador com ansiedade (r=0,230; p<0,05) e depressão (r=0,297; p<0,05); as horas diárias necessárias para o cuidado com ansiedade do cuidador (r=0,255; p<0,05) e depressão (r=0,328; p<0,05). Conclusão: Em um modelo de regressão linear, fica evidente que a solidão e a adoção do papel de cuidador atuam como preditores de ansiedade (p<0,05).

Oral Hygiene Practices and the Awareness of Perio-Systemic Interrelationship Among the Population of Ranchi City: A Hospital-Based Study.

BACKGROUND: The concept of the pathogenesis and etiology of periodontal disease, with their infectious and chronic natures, usually facilitates acknowledging the possibility of these infections influencing events elsewhere in the body. Concurrent awareness and recognition of the interaction between systemic and oral diseases are one of the enormous advances that require a periodontist to not only strictly direct their knowledge toward prevention and treatment but also spread awareness about the same among the unknown. Thus, the primary goal of our study was to assess public awareness of periodontal and systemic interrelationships with oral hygiene practices in Ranchi, Jharkhand. METHODOLOGY:  A total of 800 subjects between ages 18 and 60 years visiting the outpatient department of periodontology, Dental Institute, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), were randomly selected for inclusion in the study. After the oral hygiene checkup, the patients were presented with a self-constructed questionnaire form, where patients' awareness and knowledge about perio-systemic interrelationship and their patterns about oral hygiene practices were assessed. RESULTS: The data collected was analyzed using mean and standard deviation (SD), while the chi-square (χ2) test was to evaluate the mean difference. The results of our study showed a fair oral hygiene index, minimal oral hygiene practices, and a lack of awareness regarding the interrelationship between bad oral health and systemic diseases among the population of Ranchi. Out of 800 subjects, the majority (around 44.25%) visited a dentist only if and when needed, and around 80% of the population continued using their toothbrushes for more than six months. In fact, awareness regarding the perio-systemic interrelationship was only among 5.12% (3.25% ± 1.87%) of the total population. CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of our study, it can be concluded that there is a need to educate the general population about the pros and cons of maintaining oral hygiene. Dental awareness, along with periodontal health care and its impact on systemic health, should be intensified through various means.

Relação de Trabalho entre Enfermeiros Obstétricos e Doulas na Assistência ao Parto / The work relationship between obstetric nurses and doulas in assistance to childbirth / La relación de trabajo entre enfermeros obstétricos y doulas en la asistencia al parto

Objetivo: O estudo objetiva descrever a relação de Enfermeiros Obstétricos e Doulas na assistência ao trabalho de parto e parto. Métodos: Estudo qualitativo, descritivo e prospectivo, realizado no Centro de Parto Normal localizado em Castanhal, com sete Enfermeiras Obstétricas e três Doulas. Os dados foram coletados entre dezembro/2017 e maio/2018, por meio de entrevista semiestruturada e Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin. Resultados: Emergiram as seguintes categorias: Assistência holística à gestante; A Enfermagem Obstétrica e as Doulas: o desafio no entrecruzar de práticas; Associação de práticas na assistência ao parto normal. Conclusão: Apesar dos relatos evidenciados de conflitos entre as Doulas e as Enfermeiras Obstétricas, é possível identificar uma boa relação na associação de práticas proporcionando benefícios à parturiente. (AU)

Objective: The study aims to describe the relationship between Obstetric Nurses and Doulas in assisting labor and delivery. Methods: A qualitative, descriptive and prospective study, carried out with seven Obstetric Nurses and three Doulas. Data were collected between Dec 2017 to May 2018, through a semi-structured interview and Bardin Content Analysis. Results: The speeches were classified into the following categories: Holistic care for pregnant women; Obstetric Nursing and Doulas: the challenge in the intertwining of practices; Association of practices in assisting normal delivery. Conclusion: Despite the evidences of conflicts between the Doulas and the Obstetric Nurses, it is possible to identify a good relation in the association of practices providing benefits to the parturient. (AU)

Objetivo: El estudio objetivó describir la relación de Enfermeros Obstétricos y Doulas en la asistencia al trabajo de parto y parto. Métodos: Estudio cualitativo, descriptivo y prospectivo, realizado en el Centro de Parto Normal ubicado en Castanhal, con siete Enfermeras Obstétricas y tres Doulas. Los datos fueron recolectados entre diciembre/2017 y mayo/2018, por medio de entrevista semiestructurada y Análisis de Contenido de Bardin. Resultados: Se plantearon las siguientes categorías: Asistencia holística a la gestante; La Enfermería Obstétrica y las Doulas: el desafío en el entrecruzar de prácticas; Asociación de prácticas en la asistencia al parto normal. Conclusion: A pesar de los relatos evidenciados de conflictos entre las Doulas y las Enfermeras Obstétricas, es posible identificar una buena relación en la asociación de prácticas proporcionando beneficios a la parturienta. (AU)

Interrelation Between Fibroblasts and T Cells in Fibrosing Interstitial Lung Diseases.

Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) are a heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by varying degrees of inflammation and fibrosis of the pulmonary interstitium. The interrelations between multiple immune cells and stromal cells participate in the pathogenesis of ILDs. While fibroblasts contribute to the development of ILDs through secreting extracellular matrix and proinflammatory cytokines upon activation, T cells are major mediators of adaptive immunity, as well as inflammation and autoimmune tissue destruction in the lung of ILDs patients. Fibroblasts play important roles in modulating T cell recruitment, differentiation and function and conversely, T cells can balance fibrotic sequelae with protective immunity in the lung. A more precise understanding of the interrelation between fibroblasts and T cells will enable a better future therapeutic design by targeting this interrelationship. Here we highlight recent work on the interactions between fibroblasts and T cells in ILDs, and consider the implications of these interactions in the future development of therapies for ILDs.

The Impact of Lignin Structural Diversity on Performance of Cellulose Nanofiber (CNF)-Starch Composite Films.

Lignin fractions having different molecular weights and varied chemical structures isolated from kraft lignins of both softwood and hardwood via a sequential solvent fractionation technique were incorporated into a tunicate cellulose nanofibers (CNF)-starch mixture to prepare 100% bio-based composite films. The aim was to investigate the impact of lignin structural diversity on film performance. It was confirmed that lignin's distribution in the films was dependent on the polarity of solvents used for fractionation (acetone > methanol > ethanol > ethyl acetate) and influenced the optical properties of the films. The ⁻OH group content and molecular weight of lignin were positively related to film density. In general, the addition of lignin fractions led to decrease in thermal stability and increase in Young's modulus of the composite films. The modulus of the films was found to decrease as the molecular weight of lignin increased, and a higher amount of carboxyl and phenolic ⁻OH groups in the lignin fraction resulted in films with higher stiffness. The thermal analysis showed higher char content formation for lignin-containing films in a nitrogen atmosphere with increased molecular weight. In an oxygen atmosphere, the phenol content, saturated side chains and short chain structures of lignin had impacts on the maximum decomposition temperature of the films, confirming the relationship between the chemical structure of lignin and thermo-oxidative stability of the corresponding film. This study addresses the importance of lignin diversities on composite film performance, which could be helpful for tailoring lignin's applications in bio-based materials based on their specific characteristics.

Filosofía y psicología / Philosophy and psychology

El trabajo trata de proporcionar información sobre psicología moral y filosofía moral, buscando lograr una teoría normativa estructurada sobre elementos de la realidad, teniendo en cuenta la existencia de una estructura profunda de la psicología moral. (AU)

The work tries to provide information on moral psychology and moral philosophy, seeking to achieve a normative theory structured on elements of reality, taking into account the existence of a deep structure of moral psychology. (AU)

Comparison of platelet function tests for the in vitro quality assessment of platelet concentrates produced under real-life conditions.

Platelet quality in different platelet concentrates (PCs) has been the subject of several studies. Nonetheless, there is a lack of robust data on the correlation and agreement among platelet function tests as a prerequisite for the association of PC functionality in vitro with platelet function in vivo post PC transfusion. The purpose of our study was to correlate a larger panel of platelet function assays in PCs and to assess whether the methods agree sufficiently and can be used interchangeably. Twelve apheresis platelet concentrates in plasma (APC), 16 pooled platelet concentrates in plasma (PPC), and 12 PPC in T-sol (PPCA) were examined on days 1 and 4 after production. PCs were tested for platelet count, light transmission aggregation (LTA) induced by ADP, collagen, or TRAP; platelet ATP release induced by collagen; and spontaneous and ADP and TRAP-induced increase in CD62P and PAC1 expression measured by flow cytometry. All tests were performed in undiluted platelet-rich plasma, recalcified and mixed with an inhibitor of factor Xa and thrombin. Most platelet function parameters correlated significantly with each other, but agreement among methods was insufficient. A proper inverse correlation was observed between ADP-induced LTA and spontaneous platelet activation assessed by CD62P expression (r = -0.61, p < 0.0001). Spontaneous CD62P correlated also significantly with spontaneous PAC1 (r = 0.69, p < 0.0001) and inversely with TRAP-induced CD62P expression (r = -0.86, p < 0.0001). We found significant correlations among all flow cytometric assays measuring platelet CD62P and PAC1 expression induced by ADP or TRAP. Subsequent Bland Altman analysis revealed insufficient agreement between methods. With one exception (collagen-induced LTA compared with TRAP-induced LTA, percentage error = 16%) the limits of agreement expressed as percentage error exceeded the chosen acceptable difference of 30%. In APC, platelet count was 41% and 44% higher, respectively, than in PPC and PPCA (p < 0.0001). Spontaneous CD62P and PAC1 expression were significantly greater, and ADP-induced aggregation and agonist-induced increase in CD62P and PAC1 were significantly lower in PPCA compared to APC and PPC on day 4 of storage. ADP and TRAP-induced CD62P and PAC1 activatability fell significantly during storage between day 1 and day 4 in APC and PPCA, but not in PPC. In conclusion, different platelet function tests capture different aspects of platelet function and do not correlate and agree sufficiently to be used interchangeably.

O erro na psicologia analítica: sombra ou luz? / Error in analytical psychology: shadow or light? / ¿El error en la psicología analítica: sombra o luz?

A autora resgata a noção do erro na psicologia analítica, revisitando o trabalho inicial de Jung no teste de associação. Busca compreender o que sustenta o processo analítico, tanto do ponto de vista da psicodinâmica quando dos novos modelos de funcionamento cerebral como propostos pelas neurociências. Discute em que medida a busca do certo, do modelo ideal, pode impedir o desenvolvimento propondo que nosso trabalho enquanto psicoterapeutas seria possibilitar a formação de um campo favorável à (re)construção do movimento intrapsíquico, e não corrigir "erros" introduzindo a importante discriminação entre to cure e to heal.

The author rescues the notion of error in analytical psychology, revisiting Jung's early work on the word association test. She tries to understand what supports the analytical process, both from the point of view of psychodynamics and from the new models of brain functioning as proposed by neurosciences. She discusses, to what extent, the search for the right, the ideal model can inhibit development; proposes that our work as psychotherapists is to enable the formation of a field favorable to the (re) construction of the intrapsychic movement and not to correct "errors" introducing the important discrimination between "to cure" and "to heal".

La autora rescata la noción del error en la psicología analítica, revisitando el trabajo inicial de Jung en la prueba de asociación. Se busca comprender lo que sostiene el proceso analítico, tanto desde el punto de vista de la psicodinámica cuando de los nuevos modelos de funcionamiento cerebral como propuestos por las neurociencias. Analiza, en qué medida, la búsqueda de lo cierto, del modelo ideal puede impedir el desarrollo proponiendo que nuestro trabajo como psicoterapeutas es posibilitar la formación de un campo favorable a la (re) construcción del movimiento intrapsíquico y no corregir errores introduciendo la importante discriminación entre to cure y to heal.

Reflexión acerca del concepto de «Una Salud¼ / A reflection on the concept of «One Health¼

Durante los últimos años se ha establecido el concepto de Una Salud, reviviendo un antiguo concepto de la investigación en salud: la interrelación entre diferentes ambientes. Este concepto se considera el enfoque más útil para comprender la dinámica de las enfermedades infecciosas, así como de factores relacionados, como la resistencia a los antibióticos. No obstante, a veces el uso de este término no es totalmente correcto y no se abordan una serie de consideraciones relevantes, como las relaciones cambiantes entre diferentes ambientes, fruto de sus propias dinámicas evolutivas, o la realidad de enfermedades olvidadas, que sólo pasan a ser consideradas cuando su efecto se expande más allá de sus áreas tradicionales. En este contexto, es importante iniciar un debate sobre la corrección de algunas consideraciones o la necesidad de introducir otros factores que conduzcan a un desarrollo más sólido del concepto de «Una Salud¼.

The concept of “One Health” has been established in recent years, bringing back an old concept of medical research: the interrelationship between different environments. This concept is considered the most useful approach to understanding the dynamics of infectious diseases and related factors, such as antibiotic resistance. However, the use of this term may not be entirely correct when a number of relevant considerations are not addressed; i.e., the changing relationships between different environments (fruit of their own evolutionary dynamics) or the existence of neglected diseases, which are only taken into consideration when their effect expands beyond their traditional areas. In this context, it is important to initiate a debate on how to amend some of these considerations or on the need to introduce other factors that will lead to a more solid development of the concept of “One Health”.

Inter-relações no processo de morrer no hospital: olhar do familiar cuidador / Interrelations in dying process in the hospital: family caregiver's perspective

Resumo Objetivo: Conhecer como o familiar cuidador percebe sua inter-relação com membros da equipe de enfermagem e com seu familiar enfermo no processo de morrer. Metodologia: Estudo qualitativo, desenvolvido em um hospital universitário no sul do Brasil entre março e junho de 2016, que se fundamentou na metodologia de Leininger e na teoria de Morin. Participaram 24 familiares cuidadores de indivíduos hospitalizados e em processo de morrer. Foram realizadas observações, entrevistas e análise contextual dos dados colhidos. Resultados: A partir da análise dos dados, surgiram duas categorias: Fragilidades percebidas pelos familiares cuidadores nas suas inter-relações com enfoque às rupturas nessas relações; e Potencialidades no processo inter-relacional do familiar ou cuidador, com enfoque às potencialidades dos familiares cuidadores em proporcionar melhor qualidade de vida aos indivíduos enfermos. Conclusão: Os familiares cuidadores que participaram do nosso estudo demonstraram a importância de se investir em potencialidades, buscando formas de se reorganizarem, para o enfrentamento do processo de morrer, no qual ocorre tanto desgaste físico como mental.

Resumen Objetivo: Conocer cómo el familiar cuidador percibe su interrelación con los integrantes del equipo de enfermería y con el familiar enfermo en el proceso de morir. Metodología: Estudio cualitativo, desarrollado en un hospital universitario del sur de Brasil entre marzo y junio de 2016, el cual se fundamentó en la metodología de Leininger y en la teoría de Morin. Participaron 24 familiares cuidadores de individuos hospitalizados y en proceso de morir. Se realizaron observaciones, entrevistas y un análisis contextual de los datos recolectados. Resultados: A partir del análisis de los datos, surgieron dos categorías: Debilidades percibidas por los familiares cuidadores en sus interrelaciones, con enfoque en las rupturas en estas relaciones; y Potencialidades en el proceso interrelacional del familiar cuidador, con enfoque en las potencialidades de los familiares cuidadores para proporcionar mejor calidad de vida a los individuos enfermos. Conclusión: Los familiares cuidadores de nuestro estudio demostraron la importancia de generar potencialidades, buscando formas de reorganizarse, para el afrontamiento del proceso de morir, en el cual se presenta un desgaste físico y mental.

Abstract Objective: To understand how family caregivers perceive their interrelation with members of nursing team and their ill family member in dying process. Methodology: This is a qualitative study, conducted in a university hospital from southern Brazil between March and June 2016. It was based on the Leiningerʼs methodology and the Morin's theory. Twenty-four family caregivers of individuals who were hospitalized and in dying process participated in our study. Observations, interviews and contextual analysis of data collected were carried out. Results: Two categories emerged based on data analysis: Weaknesses perceived by family caregivers in their interrelations, with a focus on breakdowns in these relations; and Potentialities in the interrelational process of family caregiver, with a focus on potentialities of family caregivers to provide a better quality of life to ill individuals. Conclusion: Family caregivers of this study demonstrated the need to build potentialities, looking for ways to reorganize, in order to cope with dying process, which demands both physical and mental weariness.

Trait Associations in Diversity Panels of the Two Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Gene Pools Grown under Well-watered and Water-Stress Conditions.

Common beans are a warm-season, food legume cultivated in areas prone to water limitation throughout their growing season. This study assessed the magnitude and pattern of trait associations for a total of 202 common bean genotypes divided into panels of 81 Andean and 121 Mesoamerican gene pool accessions grown under contrasting treatments of well-watered, non-stress, and water-limited, terminal drought-stress conditions. Linear correlation, complex path coefficient, and genetic divergence analyses were used to dissect the relationship dynamics between traits and the relative contribution of adaptive traits to differentiation among gene pools and genotypes based on drought stress. Drought severity level for the trial was high and created the ideal condition to reveal genotypic differences, as seen by the differential response of the genotypes for the various traits measured. The value for phenotypic coefficients of variation for all traits was higher than the corresponding genotypic values. Seed yield had positive and strong genotypic and phenotypic correlation with pods per plant across gene pools and stress levels. The overall amount of genetic correlation was greater than the corresponding phenotypic correlation matrix for all the traits within the gene pool and across stress levels. Moreover, the results depicted the phenotypic correlation as equal or better than its genotypic counterpart in estimating drought tolerance in common bean plants. Clustering analysis with Mahanalobis's coefficient of generalized distance grouped genotypes with a differential level of drought adaptation into different classes within each panel. This indicates drought tolerance involves different mechanisms of plant response and is present separately in each gene pool panel. Pods per plant, seed weight, pod partitioning index, and harvest index are useful selection objectives to improve drought adaptation in common bean, but must be differentially weighted in each gene pool. The analysis of genetic variation and association between adaptive traits on the two panels provided useful insights on which traits could be used to improve common bean adaptation to low water availability during the growth season.

Effect of taxol on the expression of FoxM1 ovarian cancer-associated gene.

The incidence of ovarian cancer in women has been on the increase in recent years. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of taxol on the expression of ovarian cancer-associated gene forkhead box transcription factor M1 (FoxM1) and its therapeutic effects for ovarian cancer. The expression of FoxM1 gene was examined in patients with or without ovarian cancer. RNA and protein levels of FoxM1 gene of ovarian cancer patients were detected at different time periods (1, 3, 6, 8, 12 and 24 months) after treatment with taxol. The results showed that the mRNA level of FoxM1 gene in patients with ovarian cancer was significantly higher than that in normal women (P<0.05). With time and progression of the disease, the expression of FoxM1 gene significantly increased in the patients not being administered taxol, whereas the expression of FoxM1 in the patients administered taxol was significantly lower comparatively (P<0.05). In conclusion, an asssociation was identified between the FoxM1 gene and ovarian cancer. The FoxM1 gene therefore promotes the generation and deterioration of ovarian cancer, whereas taxol reduces it. These findings provide a certain theoretical basis for the later treatment of ovarian cancer disease.

Correlations between the MEG-A3 gene and incidence of breast cancer.

The aim of the present study was to examine the interrelations between MEG-A3 gene and incidence of breast cancer. The expression of MEG-A3 gene in the tissue samples of patients with breast cancer and normal controls at RNA and protein levels was determined. Subsequently, the relative expression of RNA for the same patient was measured at different time-points (1, 3, 6, 8, 12 and 24 months), and the protein expression levels were determined using western blotting. The results showed that, the mRNA level in MEG-A3 gene of samples of patients with breast cancer was significantly higher than that of normal women (p<0.05). The MEG-A3 gene expression increased apparently with the prolongation and aggravation of the disease. In conclusion, there is a close correlation between MEG-A3 gene and the incidence of breast cancer; thus, MEG-A3 gene contributes to the occurrence and deterioration of breast cancer to some extent. It provides a theoretical basis for later disease treatment.

Relação entre maloclusões e queixas de problemas mastigatórios e gastrointestinais em crianças / Relationship between malocclusions and complaints of masticatory and gastrointestinal problems in children

Objetivo: Avaliar a relação entre as maloclusões e queixas de problemas mastigatórios e gastrointestinais em crianças. Métodos: Realizou-se um estudo transversal com uma amostra intencional de 232 crianças de ambos os sexos, com idades entre 6 e 12 anos, provenientes de uma amostra de 634 crianças de 3 a 12 anos examinadas durante um levantamento de saúde bucal na cidade do Recife/PE. Participaram do estudo apenas as crianças livres de cárie. Foram excluídas as crianças com síndromes associadas a deformidades craniofaciais, as crianças submetidas a tratamento ortodôntico ou ortopédico facial prévio, crianças com presença de desgastes acentuados nas faces oclusais dos elementos dentários e crianças com alterações dentárias de forma, número ou tamanho. Os dados foram coletados através de dois instrumentos: entrevistas com os responsáveis e exames clínicos. As maloclusões foram avaliadas a partir da classificação de Angle e da observação da ocorrência de mordida aberta anterior, mordida cruzada anterior e mordida cruzada posterior. Foi utilizada ficha clínica padrão da Organização Mundial de Saúde. A análise estatística foi realizada utilizando-se os testes Quiquadrado de Pearson e Exato de Fisher. Resultados: Os sintomas de distúrbios gastrointestinais ocorreram em 19,8% das crianças, sendo a prisão de ventre a queixa mais citada (9,9%). Os sintomas gastrointestinais não foram associados à presença das maloclusões. A mordida cruzada anterior foi associada à dificuldade para mastigar (p < 0,05) e à necessidade de ingerir líquidos durante as refeições (p=0,017). Conclusão: As crianças com mordida cruzada anterior apresentaram maiores dificuldades mastigatórias em relação ao grupo sem esta maloclusão.(AU)

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between malocclusion and complaints of masticatory and gastrointestinal problems in children. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with an intentional sample of 232 children of both sexes, 6 to 12 years of age, from a sample of 634 children, 3 to 12 years of age, who were examined during an oral health survey in the city of Recife, PE, Brazil. Only caries-free children participated in this study. Children with disabilities were excluded, as were children who had undergone orthodontic or facial orthopedic treatment, children with clearly accentuated wear on the occlusal surfaces of their teeth, and children with dental alterations in shape, size, or number. Data were collected through two instruments: interviews with the responsible guardians and clinical examinations. Malocclusions were evaluated by means of Angle classification and observation of the occurrence of anterior open bite, anterior crossbite, and posterior crossbite. The World Health Organization (WHO) standard clinical record was used. The statistical analyses were performed using the Pearson's chisquare test and the Fisher Exact test. Results: The symptoms of gastrointestinal disorders occurred in 19.8% of the children, constipation being the most cited complaint (9.9%). Gastrointestinal symptoms were not associated with the presence of malocclusions. Anterior crossbite was associated with difficulty in chewing (p<0.05) and the need to ingest liquids during meals (p=0.017). Conclusion: Children with anterior crossbite showed greater mastigatory difficulties when compared to the group without this malocclusion.(AU)

Research progress on the relationship between health literacy and cognitive function of elderly / 中国实用护理杂志

Older people generally had low health literacy, age related cognition decline and some even progress into dementia, burden on society was aggravating. Cognition decline of the elderly could lead to the decrease of health literacy. Meanwhile, higher level of health literacy was a protective factor against cognition decline in the elderly. This paper aimed to explore the relationship between health literacy and cognitive function in the elderly population without dementia, and to provide a theoretical basis for improving the health literacy and cognitive function of the elderly.